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Upgrade EOAs to Smart Accounts with EIP-7702

· 3 min read
Marc
Marc

EIP-7702 introduces a new paradigm for Ethereum by enabling Externally Owned Accounts (EOAs), such as MetaMask accounts, to function like smart contracts. This allows on-chain code execution, granting smart capabilities to EOAs. Candide now supports EIP-7702 across its entire stack, including Voltaire Bundler, InstaGas Paymaster, and AbstractionKit SDK.

What EIP-7702 Enables​

  • Gas Sponsorship: Abstract gas fees through third-party sponsorship or ERC-20 token payments
  • Transaction Batching: Improve UX and security by combining approvals and contract interactions into atomic operations
  • Granular Permissions: Grant specific, limited access to third parties, enabling use cases like recurring payments

Learn more about EIP-7702 in our dedicated 7702 Overview.

EIP-7702 and ERC-4337​

EIP-7702 enables EOAs to execute code at their addresses, supporting multiple actions in a single transaction instead of one. It separates transaction execution from gas payment, requiring supporting infrastructure to cover transaction costs. ERC-4337 provides this framework through its ecosystem of bundlers and paymasters. EIP-7702 accounts integrate with ERC-4337 requiring only minor bundler adjustments and no paymaster contract changes.

A new EntryPoint Contract adds support for EIP-7702. EntryPoint v0.8 is deployed at: 0x4337084D9E255Ff0702461CF8895CE9E3b5Ff108

Bundler Support for EIP-7702​

Voltaire Bundler now supports EIP-7702 with EntryPoint v0.8. The main ERC-4337 RPC methods—eth_estimateUserOperationGas and eth_sendUserOperation—accept a UserOperation structure.

To support EIP-7702, bundlers add a new JSON element named eip7702Auth containing the EIP-7702 authorization tuple. The recovered address MUST match the UserOperation sender.

{
    "jsonrpc": "2.0",
    "id": 1,
    "method": "eth_sendUserOperation",
    "params": [
        {
            "eip7702auth": {
                "chainId": "0x4268",
                "address": "0x6C193e88c2C6ACB0897d162E9496156BfFF73C0F", // must be a valid delegation address for simulation
                "nonce": "0x0f",
                "yParity": "0x00",
                "r": "0xf37fca7f67bc0b336adfeefe42a8856ca1e6dee48b1ce7748a4044acfe283b01", // can pass a dummy signature during estimates
                "s": "0x60ab7d22e278dc43b0b37afada54666c0bf9e0beb9f0cd0159de007d127f3406" // can pass a dummy signature during estimates
            },
            "sender": "sender", // address
            // all other userop params
        },
        "0x4337084D9E255Ff0702461CF8895CE9E3b5Ff108" // entrypoint v0.8 address
    ]
}

View the complete specification in the Bundler API documentation.

SDK Support for EIP-7702​

AbstractionKit now supports EIP-7702 through the new eip7702Auth tuple for Bundlers and the Simple7702Account implementation for transaction batching and sponsorship.

import {
    Simple7702Account,
    createAndSignEip7702DelegationAuthorization,
} from "abstractionkit";

// Initiate the smart account
const smartAccount = new Simple7702Account(eoaPublicAddress);

let userOperation = await smartAccount.createUserOperation(
    [tx1, tx2], // You can batch multiple txs in one userop
    nodeUrl, // to fetch the nonce and gas prices
    bundlerUrl, // to estimate gas limits
    {
        eip7702auth: {
            chainId, // where the account will be upgraded
        }
    }
);

// calculates the r, s, and the yParity
userOperation.eip7702auth = createAndSignEip7702DelegationAuthorization(
    BigInt(userOperation.eip7702auth.chainId),
    userOperation.eip7702auth.address,
    BigInt(userOperation.eip7702auth.nonce),
    eoaDelegatorPrivateKey
);

View the complete guide: EIP-7702 Quickstart

Paymaster Support for EIP-7702​

Candide's InstaGas now supports EIP-7702 accounts, enabling wallets to leverage dApp gas sponsorship. The SDK and Paymaster API maintain backward compatibility—wallets can integrate seamlessly using the existing flow.

InstaGas also implements ERC-7677, the Paymaster Web Service Capability standard, enabling standardized paymaster communication between dApps and wallets.

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